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Laurens de Graaf
Laurens Cornelis Boudewijn de Graaf (c. 1653, Dordrecht, Dutch Republic – 24 May 1704,〔Likely〕 Cap-Français, Saint-Domingue〔(Laurens de Graaf at Zuidhoek's Zeerovers )〕) was a Dutch pirate, mercenary, and naval officer in the service of the French colony of Saint-Domingue during the late 17th and early 18th century.
He was also known as Laurencillo or Lorencillo or simply El Griffe (Spanish), Sieur de Baldran or simply de Graff (French) and Gesel van de West (Dutch; ''"Scourge of the West"''). Henry Morgan, the governor of Jamaica, characterized him as ''"a great and mischievous pirate"''. De Graaf was described as tall, blond, mustached and handsome.〔(''The Buccaneer's Realm: Pirate Life on the Spanish Main, 1674-1688'' ) by Benerson Little (Potomac Books, 2007)〕 Some Spanish thought he was ''the Devil in person''.
==Early life==
Many accounts of Laurens de Graaf are highly romanticized. Some historians speculate that he may have been a mulatto (''El Griffe'' was a common nickname for those of mixed African and European ancestry).〔 He was reportedly enslaved by Spanish slave traders when captured in what is now the Netherlands and transported to the Canary Islands to work on a plantation, prior to 1674.
During the early 1670s, de Graaf either escaped or was freed, and French historian Vassiere recorded that he married his first wife (Francois) Petronilla de Guzmán in 1674 in the Canary Islands before moving on to the Caribbean.〔(''Pirates of the Americas, Volume 1'' ) by David F. Marley (ABC-CLIO, 2010)〕 The Spanish governor of St. Augustine, Florida attested to his marriage in a letter written to the King of Spain in 1682, by referring to de Graaf as a "stranger who was married in the Canaries".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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